WHat Is
Misinformation/Disinformation and how can it can affect




Quick Definitions
Digital Definitions to Enhance Your Digital Literacy
Check out some definitions prepared by the Digital Manipulation Team!
- Fake news is false or misleading information that is presented as news
- Misinformation is false information that is spread, regardless of whether there is intent to mislead
- Disinformation is false information which is intended to mislead. Basically, specific intent to deceive.
- Native advertising can refer to an array of digital products advertisers can purchase, such as sponsored in-feed social media posts, video content, or sponsored listings on




Quick Facts
Take Your Digital Literacy to the Next Level
Check out some facts prepared by the Digital Manipulation Team!
- “Massive amounts of fake news and conspiratorial content have spread over social media before and after the 2016 US Presidential Elections despite intense fact-checking efforts” (Shao, C., Hui, P.-M., Wang, L., Jiang, X., Flammini, A., Menczer, F., & Ciampaglia, G. L. 2018)
- A study by Stanford University between January 2015 and June 2016 on 7,804 students in middle schools and colleges concluded that over 80 per cent of students could not distinguish a native advertisement labeled “sponsored content” from a real news story. (El Rayess, M., Chebl, C., Mhanna, J., & Hage, R.-M. (2018).
- “People tend to trust their social contacts, and “information” that appear to be trendy. Therefore, spreading disinformation needs convincing content that looks like real articles and a method to make this news go viral” (Shao et al., 2017).
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